Portfolio
Click here to view my profile at TED Translators where I showcase all the videos I have voluntarily transcribed and translated.
I have also completed the subtitling of a video game development vlog on a pro bono basis for a friend, which I blogged about here.
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FIFA World Cup 2026
For the FIFA World Cup 2026, I transcribed in English and subtitled video interviews and promotional videos from both Spanish to UK English and English to Spanish adhering to standards as set by the agency I worked under
This project involved the use of AI tools and human translation, in this case, Happy Scribe, with certain projects to speed up the translation process along with the use of proof-readers concurrently proofreading the translations so the output was quicker in such an urgent and important project.
To improve my football terminology knowledge I used the rules of the game by IFAB in both Spanish and English along with their glossaries of terms that are on their website (linked is the English version glossary) and watched many video interviews and match highlights to improve my knowledge further.
This was a fast paced project with tight deadlines so required a careful but fast approach adhering to terminology and subtitling standards in a short timeframe which meant preparation was paramount so the studying of the rules and watching of prior and current interviews throughout the tournament allowed me to translate quickly and effectively.
I also wrote a blog post about the experience which you can read here.
Below are some sample texts I have also translated.
The below texts are Wikipedia articles chosen for their copyright free and educative nature on medical subjects.
The first text deals with the topic of Coeliac disease and is meant to inform everyday people about what the disease is, its effects, diagnoses and treatments.
As with any medical text, the biggest challenge comes in the form of medical terminology and to find the relevant and correct equivalent in the target language and market. In order to do this, I consulted both the Diccionario Panhispánico de Términos Médicos and the NHS’ SNOMED Code Browser as the former provides these codes of terms which I could then crosscheck with the browser and find the exact term used by the NHS in the UK.
The second text has a much more professional and medical register with words such as ‘predomina’ and ‘ oscilar’ instead of more informal variants. This led me to change the tone of the text to something much more formal and medical in nature. Here the challenge with medical terminology was abundant and the aforementioned resources were instrumental to the completion of the translation of the text.
Spanish
La celiaquía o enfermedad celíaca (EC) es un proceso crónico, multiorgánico autoinmune, a que lesiona primeramente el intestino y puede dañar cualquier órgano o tejido corporal. Afecta a personas que presentan una predisposición genética. Está producida por una “intolerancia” permanente al gluten (conjunto de proteínas presentes en el trigo, cebada y centeno –TACC– , y sus híbridos como el triticale, la espelta y el trigo Khorasan (kamut®), y productos derivados de estos cereales), pero no se trata de una simple intolerancia alimentaria ni mucho menos de una alergia, ni de un trastorno únicamente digestivo como tradicionalmente se consideraba.
Actualmente se sabe que es realmente una enfermedad sistémica, ya que la respuesta inmunitaria anormal causada por el gluten puede dar lugar a la producción de diferentes autoanticuerpos que pueden atacar a cualquier parte del organismo. Sin un tratamiento estricto, puede provocar complicaciones de salud muy graves, entre las que cabe señalar diversos tipos de cáncer (tanto del aparato digestivo, con un incremento del riesgo del 60 %, como de otros órganos), enfermedades cardiovasculares, trastornos neurológicos y psiquiátricos (conocidos como “neurogluten”), otras enfermedades autoinmunes y osteoporosis, así como enfermedad celíaca refractaria (que no responde al tratamiento con la dieta) y en casos raros (principalmente en niños) la denominada “crisis celíaca”, de aparición súbita y que puede ser mortal.
No hay diferentes grados de gravedad de celiaquía sino distintas presentaciones: independientemente de si hay o no síntomas, de su tipo o intensidad, o de los órganos a los que afecten, el daño y el riesgo de complicaciones graves están siempre presentes si se consume gluten, aunque sean mínimas trazas por contaminación cruzada.
Tras los recientes avances producidos en el conocimiento de la enfermedad celíaca, actualmente queda patente que no se puede identificar ni diagnosticar siguiendo los criterios empleados tradicionalmente, salvo en casos excepcionales. Tanto los síntomas que se asociaban con la celiaquía como los criterios diagnósticos han evolucionado, la población tiene una creciente información y los profesionales de la salud necesitan actualizarse para adaptarse a esta nueva situación.
Los síntomas que se creían siempre presentes en personas celiacas, que incluyen malabsorción grave con diarrea crónica, signos de malnutrición y retraso del crecimiento (presentación clásica), son actualmente excepcionales, especialmente en niños mayores de dos años y adultos. La mayoría de las personas de todas las edades presenta molestias digestivas leves o intermitentes y/o síntomas no digestivos (presentación no clásica). Incluso una gran parte de enfermos celíacos son aparentemente asintomáticos a nivel digestivo,normalmente debido a que se han acostumbrado a vivir con un estado de mala salud crónica como si fuera normal y al efecto opioide del gluten, que enmascara el daño intestinal. Los síntomas que pueden aparecer son muy variados, no existe un patrón único definido, ni una clínica común para todos los pacientes, puesto que las presentaciones de la enfermedad son múltiples y muy diferentes. Puede cursar con diarrea o estreñimiento, con clínica digestiva florida o sin ningún síntoma digestivo, con pérdida de peso u obesidad, con retraso del crecimiento o crecimiento normal, con o sin abdomen abultado, con o sin otras enfermedades autoinmunes asociadas, etc. Entre los signos y síntomas no digestivos, con recuencia puede aparecer uno o más de los siguientes, que pueden fluctuar y variar con la edad: cansancio aumentado, dolores de cabeza, depresión, ansiedad, trastornos neurológicos, dolor de huesos o articulaciones, hormigueos o entumecimientos en manos o pies, huesos débiles y frágiles, problemas en la boca (como aftas, boca seca, alteraciones en el esmalte dental, lengua roja, lisa y brillante), dermatitis, procesos alérgicos, ferropenia o anemia, trastornos menstruales, infertilidad o abortos espontáneos, convulsiones, entre otros. De hecho, a la celiaquía se la conoce como “la gran imitadora” o “la enfermedad de las múltiples caras”.
English
Coeliac or coeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune condition that primarily causes intestinal lesions. It can also damage other organs and body tissue. It affects people with a genetic predisposition. It is caused by a life long ‘intolerance’ to gluten, a group of proteins present in wheat, barley and rye and hybrids like triticale, spelt and Khorasan wheat and their derivatives. It was thought to be a simple food intolerance or allergy, or a simple digestive disorder but it is not just that.
Today, we know it is a systemic illness that causes an abnormal autoimmune response to gluten that produces different antibodies that can attack any part of the body. Without a strict diet, it can cause very serious health complications such as those of different types of cancer (not just in the digestive system where coeliacs have a 60% increased risk of cancer there but in other parts too), cardiovascular diseases, neurological conditions and psychological disorders (known as neurogluten), other autoimmune diseases and osteoporosis as coeliac disease can refract (not respond to treatment like a diet) and in rare cases, (mainly in children) it can cause a ‘coeliac crisis’ that has a sudden onset and can be fatal.
Coeliac disease doesn’t have different levels of severity but it does present differently; regardless if there are symptoms present or not, whatever type or how severe they might be, whichever organs might be effected, the risk and harm of serious complications is always an issue when a person with coeliac disease eats gluten, even if there are only small traces of cross contamination in the food.
With recent advancements in our knowledge of coeliac disease, it is now clear that we cannot identify or diagnose it following the traditional criteria, except in exceptional cases. Just like the symptoms of coeliac disease have evolved, so have the diagnostic criteria, the public have a growing awareness and healthcare professionals need to update their knowledge to adapt to this new situation.
Healthcare professionals believed that symptoms such as severe malabsorption with chronic diarrhoea, signs of malnutrition and (the classic presentation of) delayed growth were always present in people with coeliac disease are now known to be rare especially in children older than two years old and adults. The majority of people, at that age, present with mild or intermittent stomach pain or no stomach problems which is not a classic presentation of the disease. A large proportion of those with coeliac disease are even asymptomatic from a digestive standpoint, normally due to having become accustomed to living with this chronic health condition as if it was normal as the opioid affects of gluten mask the intestinal damage. It can seem like there are many symptoms but there is no unique defined pattern or a common treatment for patients as there are multiple, very different presentations of the disease. It can present as diarrhoea or constipation, with florid clinical digestive symptoms or without any digestive symptoms at all, with weight loss or obesity, with growth delay or normal growth, with or without abdominal swelling or with or without other associated autoimmune diseases etc. Non-digestive symptoms of the disease can vary by age and frequently appear as one or more of the following: higher levels of fatigue, headaches, depression, anxiety, neurological disorders, joint or bone pain, tingling and numbness in the hands and feet, bone weakness and fragility, oral problems (such as mouth ulcers, a dry mouth, changes in the tooth enamel, a bright red sore tongue), dermatitis, allergic reactions, iron deficiency or anaemia, menstrual disorders, infertility or miscarriages and convulsions among others. Because of this, coeliac disease is known as ‘the great imitator’ or ‘the illness with many faces’.
By Abhinav Vasudevan, John S Lubel – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4324865/, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=180068561
Adapted and translated from https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celiaqu%C3%ADa under a CC BY SA Creative Commons license which these pieces also hold. My translation is not the official Wikipedia translation which can be found here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeliac_disease.
Spanish
El hipertiroidismo es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por el exceso de función de la glándula tiroides lo que provoca una hipersecreción de hormonas tiroideas (tiroxina) (T4) libre o de triyodotironina (T3) (libre, o ambas) y niveles plasmáticos anormalmente elevados de dichas hormonas Como consecuencia aparecen síntomas tales como taquicardia, pérdida de peso, nerviosismo y temblores. En los seres humanos, las principales causas de este padecimiento son la enfermedad de Graves o bocio tóxico difuso (etiología más común con 70–80 %), el adenoma tiroideo tóxico, el bocio multinodular tóxico, la tiroiditis subaguda y los efectos de algunos medicamentos.Se diferencia de la crisis tirotóxica o tormenta tiroidea porque en esta última hay una exacerbación del hipertiroidismo, a tal grado que pone en peligro la vida del paciente, fundamentalmente por insuficiencia cardíaca. Por su parte, la tirotoxicosis engloba al hipertiroidismo y a otras enfermedades que cursan con una elevada concentración de hormonas tiroideas, causada por la glándula tiroides o no.
El diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado del hipertiroidismo depende del reconocimiento de los signos y síntomas de la enfermedad y la determinación de la etiología. El estudio diagnóstico comienza determinando los niveles de la hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH). Cuando los resultados de la prueba son inciertos, la medición de la absorción de radionucleidos ayuda a distinguir entre las posibles causas. Cuando la tiroiditis es la causante, el tratamiento sintomático por lo general es suficiente porque el hipertiroidismo en este caso suele ser transitorio. La enfermedad de Graves, bocio tóxico multinodular y el adenoma tóxico puede tratarse con yodo radiactivo, medicamentos antitiroideos o cirugía. La tiroidectomía es una opción cuando otros tratamientos han fallado o están contraindicados, o cuando un bocio está causando síntomas compresivos. Algunas nuevas terapias están bajo investigación. Se debe considerar tratamientos especiales en pacientes que están embarazadas o amamantando, así como los que cursan con oftalmopatía de Graves o hipertiroidismo inducido por amiodarona.
El exceso de hormonas tiroideas (HT) induce un aumento global del metabolismo, con una elevación del gasto energético, de la producción de calor y consumo de oxígeno. Aumenta la síntesis proteica, pero en conjunto predomina el catabolismo sobre el anabolismo, por lo que se produce un balance nitrogenado negativo. Además aumenta la sensibilidad de los tejidos a la acción de las catecolaminas, probablemente debido a una potenciación de los receptores adrenérgicos.
Debido al efecto catabólico se produce adelgazamiento (poco notable en la polifagia). La piel se hace fina, aumenta la caída del cabello, las uñas se vuelven frágiles y tienden a separarse del lecho ungueal (uñas de Plummer).
El exceso de hormonas tiroideas produce un aumento de la motilidad intestinal por lo que aumentan el número de evacuaciones. Se sobrecarga el aparato cardiovascular debido al aumento de las necesidades tisulares de nutrientes de oxígeno, a la necesidad de disipar el exceso de calor producido y la hipersensibilidad cardíaca a las catecolaminas. Aumenta la frecuencia cardiaca y pueden aparecer arritmias. En el sistema neuromuscular el exceso de hormonas tiroideas se manifiesta con nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, trastornos mentales que pueden oscilar desde la ansiedad al delirio, temblor fino distal, hiperreflexia y debilidad de los músculos de la cintura.
A veces se produce disnea provocada por el consumo de oxígeno y por la ansiedad. Debe diferenciarse de la disnea que puede provocar un bocio voluminoso al estrechar la vía respiratoria.
English
Hyperthyroidism is a condition characterised by the over functioning of the thyroid gland hypersecreting thyroid hormones (thyroxine) such as free thyroxine (T4) or free triiodothyronine (T3) or both hormones and abnormally elevated plasmatic levels of these hormones. It causes the following symptoms such as tachycardia, weight loss, nervousness and shaking. In human beings, the main cause of this condition are Graves disease or diffuse multinodal goirer (is the most common with an etiology of 70-80%), toxic thyroid adenoma, toxic multinodal goitre, subacute thyroiditis or the effects of some medication. A thyrotoxic crisis and a thyroid storm can be differentiated by the latter being caused by an exacerbation of hyperthyroidism of such severity that it puts the patient’s life in danger, fundamentally from cardiac insufficiency. On the other hand, thyrotoxicosis encompasses hyperthyroidism and other conditions that may or may not manifest with an elevated concentration of thyroid hormones caused by the thyroid gland.
The diagnosis and adequate treatment of hyperthyroidism depends on recognising signs and symptoms and on the etiological determination. Diagnostic study begins with determining the levels of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). When the test results are inconclusive, measuring the absorption of radionucleotides helps to distinguish between possible causes. When thyroiditis is the cause, symptomatic treatment is generally sufficient as hyperthyroidism is usually transitory. Graves disease, toxic multinodal goitre and toxic adenoma can be treated with radioactive iodine, antithyroid drugs or surgery. A thyroidectomy is an option when other treatments have failed or are contraindicative or when a goitre is producing bulk symptoms. New therapies are being researched. Special treatments should be considered in patients who are pregnant or nursing or those with thyroid eye disease or hyperthyroidism induced by amiodarone.
Excess thyroid hormones (TH) causes high metabolism with elevated energy expenditure, heat production and oxygen consumption. It increases protein synthesis, together with catabolism instead of anabolism therefore causing a negative balance of nitrogen. It also increases tissue sensitivity to catecholamine probably due to adregenic receptor potentiation.
Due to the catabolic effect, it produces weight loss (that isn’t really noticeable in polyphagic patients). Skin becomes fine, hair increasingly falls out, nails become fragile and tend to separate away from the nail bed (Plummer’s nails).
Excess thyroid hormones produce an increase in intestinal motility that increases the number of evacuations. It overloads the cardiovascular system due to the increase in oxygen requirements of body tissue and of the need to dissipate excessive heat and the cardiac hypersensitivity to catecholamine. It increases the heart rate and it can become arrhythmic. In the neuromuscular system, the excess of thyroid hormones can manifest nervousness, irritability, insomina, mental disorders that can fluctuate between anxiety and delirium, fine distal tremors, hyperreflexia and weakness in the waist muscles.
Sometimes dyspnoea can occur because of high oxygen consumption and anxiety. Dyspnoea that can provoke a voluminous goitre by stretching the airway should be differentiated from dyspnoea caused by hyperthyroidism.
Image under the public domain and converted to PNG by myself. Original creator: Ayacop on Wikipedia.
Adapted and translated from https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertiroidismo under a CC BY SA Creative Commons license which these pieces also hold. My translation is not the official Wikipedia translation which can be found here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthyroidism.